Position Paper on Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Position Paper on Global Warming - Essay Example However, all of such luxuries have been provided at a cost which is will be paid by the current and the next generations. Global warming is considered to be one of such costs. Global warming is an end product of the major boost in industrialization and deforestation in the past and current century which is causing alarming changes in the environment and temperature levels of the planet. 2. Causes of the Problem United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change explained that the rising of the burning of fossil fuel in vehicles, factories etc causes an alarming increment in the emissions of greenhouse gases that prove to be harmful for the environment (8). The green house gases are an accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrogen dioxide (N2O). The accumulation of these gasses in the environment tends to trap the sun rays in the Earth’s atmosphere, rather than facilitating them to radiate back to the space. The retention of the heat rays from the sum tend s to cause an increment in the temperature of the planet and results in greenhouse effect. This is known as global warming. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change quoted figures that highlight the level of increment in the CO2 emissions in the past years; the boost in industrializations in the past 25 years caused an increment of emissions from 278 parts per million to an alarming high level of 379 parts per million in 2005 (8). Gore has done tremendous work with the aim of bringing about awareness regarding the crisis of global warming. He considered the production of power from fossil fuel burning as the biggest threat to global warming in the prevailing times and promotes immediate rectification of the source (4). Figure 1: Presence of CO2 in the environment over the years (Hoeven, 8) The above figure shows the increasing levels of CO2 in the environment for the past 40 years. It can also be noticed that the pace of increment has fastened since the beginning of the present century. Gore considered deforestation as the second major source of emissions of CO2 in the environment (187). The increasing trend of industrialization and urbanization has caused an increase in deforestation activities which leads to producing greater electricity and heat. Deforestation has dual effects on the environment. Firstly, upon cutting the trees the CO2 present in the trees is led out into the atmosphere. Secondly, trees are naturally equipped to absorb the CO2 from their surroundings; this natural cycle is disturbed when the trees are no longer present to absorb CO2. Toepfer explained another reason of the emergence of global warming; the depletion of ozone layer (2). Ozone layer serves as a shield (of molecules) from the intense heat rays from the sun. Toepfer stated after years of usage of manmade chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), it has been concluded by scientists that these emissions cause the depletion of the ozone layer (2). CFCs are utilized in air conditioners, refrigerators, spray cans etc. The depletion of the ozone layer disturbs the natural process of protecting the planet from intense heat rays and results in increasing the temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere. 3. Effects of Global Warming The following figure shows the projected increasing temperature in the atmosphere of the planet that is predicted to bear even more disastrous effects in the future: Figure 2: Projected increase in

Benefits of a C Corporation Essay Example for Free

Benefits of a C Corporation Essay Firstly, a C Corporation can be defined as a legal unit of business that has its own separate identity from its owners or the persons that form it. To use the general legal term, it is a â€Å"body corporate†, a â€Å"legal entity†, which simply means a corporation can be treated just like an individual in law, it can sue and can be sued. This singular characteristic does not only make it quite unique but also gives it an edge over other business entities such as sole proprietor, partnership, limited liability Company to mention but few. However, the two major types of corporation, which are the C Corporation and S Corporation. The C Corporation has quite numerous benefits; the most technical of these is its ability to guard its owners’ personal assets from judgment against the business. Owners can also split profit and loss with the business for a lower overall tax rate. Yet another benefit is that it has no limits in number of shareholders and owner. Again, Owners do not need to be U. S. citizens or residents; both foreign and local are equally allowed to share in its ownership. A C corporation also has the flexibility of being owned by yet another business entity, rather than an individual or several individuals. Finally, the C Corporation has a package of much greater tax advantages over any other business entity, for it was primarily designated for tax purposes, while the â€Å"S† corporation passes it tax to the shareholders, the C Corporation on the other hand acts as it own tax entity. Reference Bakan J. , 2004, The Corporation: The Pathological Pursuit of Profit and Power. USA

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CONTACT INFORMATION BIJAN ZARDBANI Address: 19 WOODHOUSE ROAD, DONCASTER EAST, VIC 3109 Email: BIJAN.ZARDBANI@GMAIL.COM Mobile: 0423812231 PERSONAL INFORMATION D.O.B: 20/10/1967 PLACE OF BIRTH: TEHRAN ( IRAN) CITIZENSHIP: IRAN VISA STATUS: BUSINESS SUBCLASS 163, VALID UNTIL FEB/2018 GENDER: MALE OVER VIEW Results-Oriented Mechanical Engineer With A Hands-On Approach To Tackling Projects And Accomplishing Goals. Project Manager With18 Years of Experience. Areas Of Expertise Include Piping (Steam Pipe And Steam Traps Included), Ducts, Heating, Heatexchangers, Air Conditioning, Supports (Guide), All Equipment And Machinery In Mechanical Room, Hot Water Boiler, Steam Boiler, Dearaitors, Air Washers, Cooling Towers, Air Handling Units And ... Experience In Electricity, Such As Cabling, Panels, Wiring, High Voltage Cabling And Junctions, High Voltage Panels, Lightning, Cable Trays, EarthingAnd All Electrical And Mechanical That Necessary In Commercial And Industrial Construction. Skills Complex problem solving Team leadership Technical problem-solving Works well in diverse ...

Crime and Punishment Thought Piece

â€Å"Power is given only to him who dares to stoop and take it †¦ one must have the courage to dare. † According to the quote, does it mean that whoever wants the power and steps up and do something to get the power that they want, will get it? It seems like the quote is saying that courage is needed in order to get the power. In other words, power is the authority or strength that one can have. So my next question is, can EVERYONE have the power that they want if they just have the courage to be bold?I don’t think the answer is yes. If the world is made that way, it will be way more chaotic than it is right now. That way, the beggars will be able to have the power of authority that they wish to have just by stepping up and be courageous to â€Å"rebel†. â€Å"What do you think, would not one tiny crime be wiped out by thousands of good deeds? † This quote is so true. Even though you have been good the whole time, your one bad crime will wash away al l the good deeds that you were doing the whole time, even if that was over 10 years.In Korean phrases, there is a phrase saying that â€Å"the tower that you were investing in falls†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It is the phrase that people use when something that they were investing in or trying to do just falls and becomes nothing. I think part of the reason that people only remember one bad crime instead of thousands of good deeds is because people are potential to remember what’s different from others. Just like the college application, if you are different then you will be remembered longer than being all identical.

Life Without Plastics Essay

The product, webcam 7 (in whole or in part, including all files, data, and documentation, from here on referred to as â€Å"Software†) is  © Copyright 2012 Moonware Studios, all rights reserved, and is protected by Switzerland copyright laws, international treaties and all other applicable national or international laws. The sole owner of this product is Moonware Studios. License Agreement. Title, ownership rights, and intellectual property rights in and to the content accessed through the Software is the property of the applicable content owner and may be protected by applicable copyright or other law. This License gives you no rights to such content. The Software is provided on an â€Å"AS IS† basis, without warranty of any kind, including without limitation the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement. The entire risk as to the quality and performance of the Software is borne by you. This disclaimer of warranty constitutes an essential part of the agreement.   Either party may terminate this Agreement immediately in the event of default by the other party. Upon any termination of this Agreement, you shall immediately discontinue the use of the Software and shall within ten (10) days uninstall the software and delete all copies of the Software and Documentation. You may also terminate this Agreement at any time by destroying the Software and Documentation and all copies thereof. Your obligations to pay accrued charges and fees shall survive any termination of this Agreement. This Agreement represents the complete and exclusive statement of the agreements concerning this license between the parties and supersedes all prior agreements and representations between them. It may be amended only by a writing executed by both parties. Headings shall not be considered in interpreting this Agreement. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed under Switzerland law. This Agreement will not be governed by the United Nations Convention of Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, the application of which is hereby expressly excluded. Restrictions You may not use, copy, modify, translate, or transfer the product or any copy except as expressly defined in this agreement. You may not attempt to unlock or bypass any copy-protection or authentication algorithm utilized by this product.

Understanding Jim Crow Laws

Understanding Jim Crow Laws Jim Crow laws maintained racial segregation in the South beginning in the late 1800s. After slavery ended, many whites feared the  freedom  blacks had. They loathed the idea that it would be possible for African Americans to achieve the same social status as whites if given the same access to employment, healthcare,  housing ,  and education. Already uncomfortable with the gains some blacks made during  Reconstruction, whites took issue with such a prospect. As a result, states began to pass laws that placed a number of restrictions on blacks. Collectively, these laws limited black advancement and ultimately gave blacks the status of second-class citizens. The Origins of Jim Crow Florida became the first state to pass such laws, according to Americas History, Volume 2: Since 1865.  In 1887, the Sunshine State issued a series of regulations that required racial segregation in public transportation and other public facilities. By 1890, the South became fully segregated, meaning that blacks had to drink from different water fountains from whites, use different bathrooms from whites and sit apart from whites in movie theaters, restaurants, and buses. They also attended separate schools and lived in separate neighborhoods. Racial apartheid in the United States soon earned the nickname, Jim Crow. The moniker comes from a 19th-century minstrel song called â€Å"Jump Jim Crow,† popularized by a minstrel performer named Thomas â€Å"Daddy† Rice, who appeared in blackface. The Black Codes, a set of laws Southern states began passing in 1865, after slaverys end, were a precursor to Jim Crow. The codes imposed curfews on blacks, required unemployed blacks to be jailed and mandated that they get white sponsors to live in town or passes from their employers, if they worked in agriculture. The Black Codes even made it difficult for African Americans to hold meetings of any kind, including church services. Blacks who violated these laws could be fined, jailed, if they could not pay the fines, or required to perform forced labor, just as they had while enslaved. Essentially, the codes recreated slavery-like conditions. Legislation such as the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments sought to grant more liberties to African Americans. These laws, however, focused on citizenship and suffrage and did not prevent the enactment of Jim Crow laws years later. Segregation did not only function to keep society racially stratified but also resulted in homegrown terrorism against blacks. African Americans who did not obey Jim Crow laws could be beaten, jailed, maimed or lynched. But a black person neednt flout Jim Crow laws to become a target of violent white racism. Black people who carried themselves with dignity, thrived economically, pursued education, dared to exercise their right to vote or rejected the sexual advances of whites could all be targets of white racism. In fact, a black person neednt do anything at all to be victimized in this manner. If a white person simply didnt like the look of a black person, that African American could lose everything, including his life. Legal Challenges to Jim Crow The Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) constituted the first major legal challenge to Jim Crow. The plaintiff in the case, Homer Plessy, a Louisiana Creole, was a shoemaker and activist who sat in a whites-only train car, for which he was arrested (as he and fellow activists planned). He fought his removal from the car all the way to the high court, which ultimately decided that separate but equal accommodations for blacks and whites werent discriminatory. Plessy, who died in 1925, would not live to see this ruling overturned by the landmark Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which found that segregation was indeed discriminatory. Although this case focused on segregated schools, it led to the reversal of laws that enforced segregation in city parks, public beaches, public housing,  interstate and intrastate travel and elsewhere. Rosa Parks famously challenged racial segregation on city buses in Montgomery, Ala., when she refused to relinquish her seat to a white man on Dec. 1, 1955. Her arrest sparked the 381-day Montgomery Bus Boycott. While Parks challenged segregation on city buses, the activists known as the Freedom Riders challenged Jim Crow in interstate travel in 1961. Jim Crow Today Although racial segregation is illegal today, the United States continues to be a racially stratified society. Black and brown children are much more likely to attend schools with other black and brown children than they are with whites. Schools today are, in fact, more segregated than they were in the 1970s. Residential areas in the U.S. mostly remain segregated as well, and the high numbers of black men in prison mean that a large swathe of the African American population does not have its freedom and is disenfranchised, to boot. Scholar Michelle Alexander coined the term the New Jim Crow to describe this phenomenon.   Similarly, laws that target undocumented immigrants have led to the introduction of the term Juan Crow. Anti-immigrant bills passed in states such as California, Arizona,  and Alabama in recent decades have resulted in unauthorized immigrants living in the shadows, subject to shoddy working conditions, predatory landlords, a lack of healthcare, sexual assault, domestic violence and more. Although some of these laws have been struck down or largely gutted, their passage in various states have created a hostile climate that makes undocumented immigrants feel dehumanized. Jim Crow is a ghost of what it once was but racial divisions continue to characterize American life.

Hopi Indians and their pottery essays

Hopi Indians and their pottery essays Hopi Indians lived in the western part of America (Arizona). Their civilization is about 3000 years old and they usually farmed for living. The Hopi reservation is a remote area, comprising approximately 650,000 acres, and is surrounded on all sides by the Navajo Reservation. The Hopi people have lived in this area for over a thousand years, with one of its native villages on Old Oraibi, having the distinction of being the oldest continuously inhabited village in the United States. Hopi brought a lot of influences to many people. Hopi people were famous for their pots they make. Hopi pottery is assumed to have been made by women, there are few early historic references to men making pottery. Pottery varied from village to village so all the neighboring villages showed different blending of style. Hopi pottery are made very similar today as the olden days just that now days, it is much expensive. Modern Hopi potters make their pottery in the traditional manner. The clay is hand dug on the Hopi mesas and hand processed. The pots are carefully hand constructed using the coil and scrape techniques their ancestors taught them. The paints used are from naturally occurring materials. For example, boiling Beeweed for a long time until it becomes very dark and thick makes black paint. Before making a pottery, they found clay near the ocean or by inland streams and pond. They would wedge the clay to help remove air bubbles from the clay. If air is not removed from the clay pottery may break or crack when dried and fired. They tasted the clay to choose which clay is better. They picked sweet clay because it would be smoother than the bitter clay. After choosing which clay they were going to use, they started to make the pot, known as the coil pot method. They would roll a piece of clay into a thin line. After, they would add the thin line and built it up step by step placing the rolled up clay on top of each other. ...

Opportunities for Leadership in College

Opportunities for Leadership in College College is a time to learn and grow both in and out of the classroom. And the longer you spend on campus, the more inclined you might become to try new things. Taking on a college leadership role can, plain and simply  be one of the best ways to challenge yourself and learn some valuable skills that you can use both during and after your college years. Fortunately, theres no shortage of leadership opportunities in college. Be a Resident Adviser in Your Residence Hall While there are lots of pros and cons with this gig, being a resident adviser (RA) can be a great way to build up your leadership skills. Youll learn how to work with a team, mediate conflicts, build community, help people in need, and generally be a resource for your friends and neighbors. All, of course, while having your own room and earning some extra cash. Run for Student Government ​ You dont have to run for student body president to make a difference on your campus or to learn some important leadership skills. Consider running for something smaller, like a representative for your Greek house, residence hall, or cultural organization. Even if youre the shy type, youll have the opportunity to watch leadership in action (including the good, the bad, and the ugly) during meetings. Run for a Leadership Role in a Club or Organization Youre Involved With Sometimes, smaller jobs can often help you learn the most. If youd like to get some college leadership experience but dont want to do something campus-wide, consider running for a leadership role in a club youre involved with. You can take your ideas for what the club should be like, turn them into reality, and get some great leadership experience in the process. Take a Position With Your Student Newspaper Writing for the student newspaper may not sound like a traditional leadership role, but it has all the tenets of good leadership skills: time management, communication skills, taking a position and standing by it, working as part of a team, and working under pressure. Run for a Leadership Role in Your Greek Organization Going Greek may have been one of the best decisions of your time in college. So why not give back a little and assume some kind of leadership role within your Greek house? Think about your strengths, what youd like to contribute, and what youd like to learn and then talk with your brothers and/or sisters about how best to do so. Chair, Start, or Help Organize a Community Service Project You may not have the time to assume a leadership role for the entirety of the academic year. That doesnt mean, of course, that you cant do anything. Consider organizing some kind of community service project that is a one-time gig, perhaps in honor of a holiday (like Martin Luther King Jr. Day). Youll get the experience of planning, organizing, and implementing a major event without having it take over your entire semester. Take a Leadership Role on a Sports Team or in the Athletic Department​ Sports may be a big part of your college life, which also means that you dont have time for much else. In that case, incorporate your athletic involvement with your desire for some leadership experience. Is there a leadership role you can take on your team? Or is there something in the athletic department you can do that can help you build up your skillset? Find a Good On-Campus Job That Helps With Student Leadership​ Are you interested in student leadership but want to learn more about it from the sidelines? Consider working on campus in an office that promotes student leadership, like the Residence Life office or the Department of Student Activities. Working with the full-time staff there can help you see what leadership looks like behind the scenes as well as how to develop leaders in a formal, structured way. Be an Orientation Leader​ Being an Orientation Leader is intense. Its a lot of work in a short period of time but its often an amazing experience. Youll make some great friends, really learn about leadership from the ground up, and make a difference in the lives of your campuss new students. Whats not to like? Work With a Professor​ Working with a professor may not be the first thing that pops into your mind when you think of college leadership, but doing work with a professor can be an amazing opportunity. Youll demonstrate that youre an intellectual leader who is interested in pursuing new things while learning important skills that you can use after graduation (like how to research and how to follow through on a major project). Leading the way toward the discovery and exploration of new ideas counts as leadership, too. Work in the Campus Admissions Office​ You may not have thought much of the campus admissions office since you were accepted, but they often offer a lot of leadership roles for current students. See if theyre hiring for student bloggers, tour guides, or hosts. Having a role with the campus admissions office shows that youre a responsible, respectable person on campus who can communicate well with others. Take a Leadership Course Chances are, your campus offers some kind of leadership class. It may not be for credit or it may be a 4-credit class through, say, the business school. You just might find that learning about leadership in the classroom inspires you to take on more leadership outside of it.

Who in your life has been your biggest influence and why Scholarship Essay

Who in your life has been your biggest influence and why - Scholarship Essay Example He motivated me by reminding the real value of education by reminding me thus, â€Å"Dream of going to college is attainable if you put hard work to achieve.† Not only the words but also his deeds proved me what he said is true and genuine. As I am the eldest of 6 brothers, and having the responsibility of looking after them, naturally I thought I may not have the proper chances of pursuing my education. Fortunately, I was the first grandchild who had the chance to go to college and I have never been in trouble at school out of 12 years. I could also obtain A/B Honor roll during my education career with the unique support from my father. My father’s hardworking mentality after divorce to provide us the stable living situations is another factor that influenced me greatly. He goes to work 6 days a week to support all of us. The way he helped the neighbors and even the strangers in need has put a drive in me to help my fellowman whenever I can. Now I have realized that in fluence is the power to have an important effect on someone or something. And I feel the power in me through the magnificent influence of my father who has provided me a lot and made me what I am

Visual Arts And Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Visual Arts And Film - Essay Example The features of melodrama, according to Peter Brooks are several among them are that melodrama has a beginning and wants to end in innocence. Melodrama is also depicted as having victim-heroes whose virtues are upheld in the end. Melodrama borrows from realism to appear real. This is done so as to add action and passion in the film. With melodrama, there is pathos and action. Characters who represent good and evil are the main cast in the melodrama.The opening sequence of All About My Mother is serene and depicts the beginning of a rather emotional movie. The opening sequence of The Return is rather scary. The movie starts with slow music that makes it sound like a horror film. The opening sequence of Raise the Red Lantern depicts the traditional lifestyle of the Chinese and presents a Chinese aura about the movie. The opening sequence of Kung Fu Hustle is dramatic and serves to hold the viewer's attention towards the start of a dramatic movie. The opening sequence of The Maid is ent ertaining even with the starting music that seems to suggest the beginning of a comedy-like film. An example of self-reflexivity in the film is Attitude and ability for one to measure them. Also, one can self-learn instrumentally or socio-culturally. This is with the aid of personal actions or activities. The author of quote A is Samantha Lay. The author of the second quote is David Bordwell. The author of quote C is Cesare Zavattini. The author of quote D is Stephen Neale. The author of quote E is Raymond Williams.

The communicative relationship between the doctor and patient in the Research Paper

The communicative relationship between the doctor and patient in the treatment of acupuncture - Research Paper Example The procedure of acupuncture includes the penetration of painless needles in the body of the patient. It is used for the treatment of various problems which includes infertility, prevention of various diseases and their treatment itself, improvement of general health and it is also used for the treatment of therapeutic issues. In acupuncture, the needles are penetrated at certain points that differ from the traditional ones and in some cases electric current is induced in needles that are already inserted in the acupuncture places. (Gabrielle, 2003) Relationship between Acupuncture Doctor and Patient The relationship between acupuncture doctor and patient is important throughout the period of diagnosis as well as the treatment therefore it is very important for the doctor to know the complete and detailed history of the patient so that he can pursue with the treatment accordingly. The doctor should maintain such a relationship that the patient feels comfortable in his presence and is also able to voice out his fears and doubts if there are any. Since acupuncture is a complex treatment and dates back to almost 5,000 years, some patients coming in for this treatment have their doubts as far as the procedure is concerned.

Sports Nutrition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sports Nutrition - Essay Example The sports enhancing drugs helps the athletes to enhance physically, increase their body mass, improve strength, aggressiveness, and endurance. These improve performance and helps athletes to recover quickly from injuries. These sports enhancing drugs lead to negative physical side effects, which cause serious medical issues. They may result in men losing their hair, acne, reduced sex drive, sterility, heart diseases and cancer while in ladies growth of facial hair and deepening of the voice experienced. Therefore, in as much as they lead to gaining of the edge in competitiveness, they may affect the athlete’s overall health and other long-term effects including addictiveness (Shore, 2008). As a result of the above, I can never recommend such supplements to an athlete. Anabolic steroids have synthetic molecules; its source is the natural hormone testosterone. Testosterone influences the building effects on the human body including muscle mass and strength, growing of facial hair and deepening of the voice. These drugs have been banned, but athletes still use them secretly, and this is why an anti doping test was introduced to discover those who have used them. Performance enhancing drugs may lead to off-field trouble and injury including unusual anger, which could lead to suspension (Shore, 2008). Androstenedione is a steroid hormone that increases production of testosterone and estradiol in both men and women, and adrenal glands, ovaries and testes produce it. It allows athletes to train harder, increase energy, keep the red blood cells and enhances recovery, but its use as a performance-enhancing drug is illegal because it is among the controlled substances and a banned substance by the National Collegiate Athletic association. A scientific research shows that they are converted to estrogen they do not increase testosterone, and it does not strengthen the user’s muscles. In men, it causes acne, reduced sperm production, shrinking of the testicles and

Economics of Race and Gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Economics of Race and Gender - Essay Example In the movies, Freedom Writers, Crash and The Life and Times of Rosie the Riveter, this is apparent. In all three films discrimination based on race, and gender is a social condition. It is even bordering on the realm of norms and public policy. All these films show that discrimination based on race and gender to be a product of social institutions and social interactions. The failure of social integration, the absence of acceptance and the disdain against specific sectors of society results to this. Â  Discrimination based on race and gender may be alleviated by a paradigm shift in terms of mindset. The whole system of discrimination is built on mere distorted ideas, and perceptions made manifest. If this can be corrected via education, reorientation and cultural understanding it would cease. These false distinctions can be proven to be inconsequential and irrelevant social constructions. Â  Social and cultural diversity is common in modern society. However, the underlying negative aspect of diversity is marginalization. Often this is because of discrimination and the failure to integrate into mainstream society. Â  Social integration is the process of creating unity, inclusion, and participation at all levels of society within the diversity of personal attributes so that every person is free to be the person she wants to be. Personal attributes include socio-economic class, age, gender - sexual preference and expression, political ideas, ethnicity and cultural traits, religion, citizenship (national origin) and geographical region of origin and so on (Cruz-Saco 2). Â  

Sports Nutrition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sports Nutrition - Essay Example The sports enhancing drugs helps the athletes to enhance physically, increase their body mass, improve strength, aggressiveness, and endurance. These improve performance and helps athletes to recover quickly from injuries. These sports enhancing drugs lead to negative physical side effects, which cause serious medical issues. They may result in men losing their hair, acne, reduced sex drive, sterility, heart diseases and cancer while in ladies growth of facial hair and deepening of the voice experienced. Therefore, in as much as they lead to gaining of the edge in competitiveness, they may affect the athlete’s overall health and other long-term effects including addictiveness (Shore, 2008). As a result of the above, I can never recommend such supplements to an athlete. Anabolic steroids have synthetic molecules; its source is the natural hormone testosterone. Testosterone influences the building effects on the human body including muscle mass and strength, growing of facial hair and deepening of the voice. These drugs have been banned, but athletes still use them secretly, and this is why an anti doping test was introduced to discover those who have used them. Performance enhancing drugs may lead to off-field trouble and injury including unusual anger, which could lead to suspension (Shore, 2008). Androstenedione is a steroid hormone that increases production of testosterone and estradiol in both men and women, and adrenal glands, ovaries and testes produce it. It allows athletes to train harder, increase energy, keep the red blood cells and enhances recovery, but its use as a performance-enhancing drug is illegal because it is among the controlled substances and a banned substance by the National Collegiate Athletic association. A scientific research shows that they are converted to estrogen they do not increase testosterone, and it does not strengthen the user’s muscles. In men, it causes acne, reduced sperm production, shrinking of the testicles and

Financial system and interimediaries Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial system and interimediaries - Coursework Example Financial institutions act as intermediaries and they determine the flow of funds. Financial regulators monitor the participants in the financial system. Conditions. Banks will always want to know how the borrower intends to use the loan. They will also check on whether the economic conditions will enable the customers make enough income to comfortably repay the loan (Wells Fargo, 2015). Financial intermediary is a financial institution that connects individuals with surplus finances with individual with deficit finances. The individuals with excess finances are savers while those with deficit finances are borrowers. The savers give the money to a financial intermediary and the financial intermediary transfers the money to spenders through loans or mortgages. Examples of financial intermediaries include banks, private equity, venture capital funds, leasing companies, pension funds, insurance companies, financial advisers and brokers, collective investments schemes, building societies and micro-credit providers (Robert E.W et. al., 2012). A venture capital is a financial capital provider that provides financing to start-up businesses that have high chances to succeed. The venture capital makes money by owning equity in the financed business. A building society is a financial institution that is owned by members as a common organization. Building society of most banking services such as saving and loans especially on mortgages. The profits generated by the building society are distributed among members depending on their share ownership of the building society. A collective investment scheme is a professional arrangement that enables investors to collectively pool funds and have these monies managed by professionals. Collective investment schemes invest in a wide range of investment thus spreading their risks. They can invest in bonds and quoted equity, real estate and in transport and

Maternal Stress and the Effects of Childhood Development Essay Example for Free

Maternal Stress and the Effects of Childhood Development Essay In conducting my research on developmental studies, I had the chance to review many academic journals with many different studies. I chose to read, â€Å"The Role of Prenatal Maternal Stress in Child Development,† by Janet A.DiPietro in the, Current Directions in Psychological Science journal. The title of the study itself does identify the independent and dependent variable. The independent variable is the effect of stress, and the dependent variable is the child’s development. In reading the introduction, I learned that throughout history people have thought that the emotions and experiences of a pregnant woman impinge on her developing fetus. (DiPietro, 2004) I also learned that there are no direct neural connections between the mother and fetus. (DiPietro, 2004) The journal went on to describe the physiological processes involved in mother to fetus bio-chemical and hormonal functions. The main studies used in determining theoretical explanations throughout history, have been in animal studies. According to DiPietro (2004), â€Å"the most compelling evidence between maternal physiological functioning and later development in offspring is found in animal studies.† (p. 1). The hypothesis of this study suggests that maternal stressors are more far-reaching on child behavior than previously suspected. (DiPietro, 2004). The main way that this hypothesis has been studied is by utilizing animal research. In a series of studies done with rhesus monkeys, when the mothers were exposed to loud noises throughout pregnancy, the offspring showed delayed motor development and reduced attention. (DiPietro, 2004) It does seem that most of the studies conducted on animals have reported negative consequences. Although reports of either no effects or beneficial ones make it clear that much is left to be learned about the specific characteristics of stressors that either accelerate or retard development. (DiPietro, 2004) The subjects used in the methods section were humans. Although, according to the article, this is difficult to study in the human because of the physiological differences during the pregnancies of the different species, and the fact that researchers are unable to control events that transpire after birth in humans. (DiPietro, 2004) Therefore, there are no graphs, charts or statistical measures seen in this article. There were several methods used to analyze the data in this article. One was the survey. Surveys were done with mothers who had witnessed a catastrophic even such as the World Trade Center disaster, or an earthquake. Although the study was able to show that the mother was indeed stressed during pregnancy, there was no study conducted on the outcome of the child. (DiPietro, 2004) Another method had mothers report about their stress incurred during pregnancy, and then an observer and not a parent rated the infant’s behavior. The article suggests that even the resulting information in this study may be skewed, because the studies relied on the Mother’s reports of their children’s problems. It finally became apparent through this study that the only way for the researchers to examine the effects of stressors on the fetus was to subject women to a non-invasive stressor and then measure fetal response. (DiPietro, 2004) They gave these women a standardized test called the, Stroop Color-Word Test. (DiPietro, 2004) The test caused the women to feel cognitively challenged, therefore inducing increased physiological responses in mother, but interestingly, not in the fetus. Fetal motor activity was actually suppressed, according to the study. (DiPietro, 2004) The final results of the study showed that higher maternal anxiety midway through pregnancy were strongly associated with better motor and mental development scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. (DiPietro, 2004) Interestingly, the research conducted on humans, showed that the effects on the developing child are opposite of the effects on animals. The article ends with this statement, â€Å" Too much or too little stress may impede development, but a moderate level may be formative or optimal. It seems that there is really too little research on this area of study to come to a conclusion. I found this study to be very interesting and relevant to today’s issues within society, and especially the question of nature versus nurture. It makes me think about children who are displaying such violent behaviors such as shooting their classmates and parents. It makes me ask the question of what was going on in the mother’s environment during pregnancy? Did she have an easy, stress free, supported pregnancy, or was there fighting and unrest during the pregnancy? Could factors such as these affect the child and develop into what we label as sociopathic? It would be interesting to conduct a study of pregnant women in a prison setting versus pregnant women in an ideal pregnancy situation, and to study the offspring from birth to five years old. Would the affects of the pregnant woman in prison create certain developmental issues in the children? Does it even matter? These questions and many more within the psychology realm are what make this a fascinating discipline to study. It truly is the nature of ourselves that we get to ask questions about, and find the deeper, hidden meanings. References DiPietro, J. A. (2004, April). The role of prenatal maternal stress in child development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13(2), 71-74. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20182913

The Barriers To Communication

The Barriers To Communication While there are many subtleties to communication between people with some basic skills can actually help you to be even effective communicator. On this assignment we will explore barriers to listening and strategies for effective listening, Barriers to accurate perception and barriers to effective verbal communication and strategies for accurate perception and lastly strategies for effective verbal communication. Listening may not seem like a complicated process when someone speaks you listen. As you are ready to receive the information and being communicated you are likely not actually realizing that you are decoding the dialogue or interpreting it Barriers to Communication If noise is whatever interferes with communication between sender and receiver (and vice versa), its important to understand what causes noise-what are the main barriers to communication. There are three main types of barriers: external, internal, and semantic. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ External barriers to communications include environmental and visual distractions. Suppose you are listening to your professor and suddenly you see your favorite movie star walk by in the hallway. Do you think you would hear and understand everything your professor was saying at that moment? Or maybe youre on a date and having a hard time hearing what your companion is saying because of the racket in the restaurant. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Internal barriers come from within the receiver. They include not paying attention or not listening, boredom, and lack of interest. If a student is sitting in class daydreaming instead of listening to the instructor, for example, how much communication is taking place? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Semantic barriers come from differences in language, education, and culture. Obviously if the sender is speaking in English and the receiver doesnt understand English, theres a problem. But even if the sender and receiver speak English, they may not speak the same dialect. The words they use may not mean the same thing. If you order a soda in Washington, DC, for example, youll get a soft drink. If you order a soda in Detroit, youll get a drink made of soda water and flavored syrup with ice cream floating in it. If youre from the United States and youre speaking to a Scot from Glasgow, you may have a hard time simply understanding his Pronunciation. And your accent may be incomprehensible to him! Four Steps to Effective Interpersonal Communication If you are the sender, its your job to find ways to penetrate the noise that prevents clear communication. Following these four steps in your communication will help you do so: 1. Focus your message 2. Magnify the listeners attention 3. Penetrate barriers 4. Listen actively. Focus Your Message Focusing your message means planning before you speak. Think carefully about what you want to say and how you want to say it. Decide what your goal is: to inform, to persuade, to direct, or to do something else. Be sure you understand who your audience is so you understand where the audience is coming from as it receives your message. Make sure your message is specific and concise. Get to the point; dont be diverted into side issues. Present your message politely, and be objective-state all sides positions fairly before arguing your own. (If the listener perceives that you are biased, this itself can become an important barrier to communication.) Magnify the Listeners Attention Ask yourself: Why should my listener care about what I have to say? You must create interest-make your message relevant to the listener. If your instructor suddenly announces that something will be on your next exam, youre more likely to pay attention. If you announce that what youre about to say will save your listeners money, youre likely to grab their attention. Find something in your message that your listener can relate to and make sure you highlight that. Make it clear that your message is important. For example, if you suddenly announce that What Im about to say could save your life, before you discuss a crucial safety issue, youll grab the listeners interest. But your ideas must really be important. Simply declaring that they are wont do it-you must persuade the audience through the clarity and logic of your arguments and your evidence that your message really is significant. Again, think about your message from the audiences perspective instead of your own. This means knowing your audience. Deliver your message so that it naturally draws your listeners attention. Penetrate Barriers One serious barrier to clear communication is vagueness. If you say, There was a fire downtown last night, you have communicated little. If you say, however, Twenty fire trucks from three different towns fought an inferno last night that destroyed an entire city block, including a fireworks factory, your concrete description has communicated a good deal more. The listener now understands that youre talking about a major disaster, not a fire in a trash can. Your concrete description helps the listener create a mental picture, or visualize the blaze.

Directing A New Production Of An Inspector Calls by J. B. Priestly :: English Literature

Directing A New Production Of An Inspector Calls by J. B. Priestly, With Special Reference To Act Two, Page 33 (in Heinemann Plays An Inspector Calls), And The Characters Of The Inspector And Mrs. Birling The two characters that I have chosen - the in The two characters that I have chosen from the play, 'An Inspector Calls', are the Inspector and Mrs. Birling. I chose these characters because they have very contrasting personalities. The Inspector is called 'Goole', which symbolises a ghoul and reflects on his personality. He is very probing when he asks the family questions and obviously has experience with 'interrogating' people. He is very direct and quite blunt when he is questioning the Birling family. In the BBC video version of the play, it was quite obvious that the Inspector was not a normal man as soon as he entered the room. This may have been helped by dramatic music, but it was also evident in the play. "The Inspector enters, and Edna goes, closing the door after her. The Inspector need not be a big man but he creates at once an impression of massiveness, solidity and purposefullyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ He speaks carefully, weightily, and has a disconcerting habit of looking hard at the person he addresses before actually speaking." As soon as the Inspector enters the room, the other characters are immediately aware of this "impression of massiveness". In the BBC video the Inspector was quite an old man and he looked feeble in a way, but he still created this effect when he spoke to the other characters. He seems to have a gift to be able to make people feel uncomfortable and guilty when he wants. "INSPECTOR: 'That's more or less what I was thinking earlier tonight, when I was in the infirmary looking at what was left of Eva Smith. A nice little promising life there, I thought, and a nasty mess somebody's made of it.' BIRLING looks as if he is about to make some retort, then thinks better of it, and goes out, closing the door sharply behind him. GERALD and ERIC exchange uneasy glances. The INSPECTOR ignores them." This is a particularly good quote because it shows the Inspector's way of speaking and the character's reactions to him. It seems that Mr Birling cannot even confront the Inspector and has to leave the room, even though Mr Birling was Lord Mayor which gives him authority over a Police Inspector, and is of a higher class than the Inspector, which should give him confidence. Mrs Birling is the quiet wife of the successful owner of Birling and Co. She is a very high-class lady who could be described as 'posh'.

Destination Marketing Report Essay

When selling a destination image is everything. A destination is all about image. If people can crack the motivation for a place as a destination they would make fortune. This answer will firstly discuss the image of what exactly a destination is. Perceived images such as those seen on a picture perfect postcard can generate money. Both urban and rural tourism try to recreate this and sell the destination as a product. This will be analysed secondly. Middleton (2001) defines a destination as the focus for a range of activities and a range of facilities required to support those activities. In other words the facilities in an area that act as pull factors to the tourist to attract them into the area. There are five main components to what destination is. The five components Middleton refers to are attractions and environment, destination facilities and services, accessibility of the destination and the price of the destination. Any person who comes into the destination whether it is for a day visit or overnight stay can be impacted by any of these components. Gibson and Neilson (2000) refer to assessing price based on the functional, quality, operational, financial and personal benefits. If a place is a certain price the tourist may view the destination as high status. The components that make up a destination can also act as the motivators for the destination. Natural attractions such as the sea and mountains which make up a destination can act as a physical motivator for the destination. The facilities and services which make up a destination can sell the destination as a cultural experience such as the restaurants and bars. Middleton (2001) refers that it is important to note that a destination is  not totally restricted to travel for leisure or pleasure. Other reasons include interpersonal reasons such as to be with friends and family or to escape, business reasons, conferences or union meetings and spiritual reasons. It can be noted that due to globalisation, distance is shorted and the world has shrunk therefore many destinations will all have the same assets and components this has led to the development of destinations as products. A destination as a product is trying to structure the tourist gaze otherwise the tourist may look the other way. Selling a destination as a product requires strong marketing strategies to be in place. However Middleton (2001) contradicts this statement when he suggests that not all visits to a destination are influenced by marketing activities. An example is people travelling by car privately to meet family and friends. Selling a destination as a product can give a place a competitive advantage. To do this Javalgi, Thomas & Rao (1992) suggest that it is important to market a destination based on how people will perceive the destination. As Pike (2005) refers to a place name by itself is not sufficient to sell a product as a destination. As a product a destination must try to appeal to everyone. There are many good ways a destination can be sold as a product. It can use the destinations assets the Physical motivators, cultural motivators, interpersonal reasons, business reasons, status and spiritual reasons. It can use symbols, infrastructure, growth and enterprise to market or the cultural cachet of throwing everything at the tourist. A destination as a product is multi dimensional. Middleton refers to a destination as not just one product but being based on three levels the core product, the tangible product and the augmented product. The view of the destination as one of these products will be relevant when establishing which way to market the product. This answer examined the notion of a destination as a product. It concluded that five elements make up a destination. A destination as a product must aim to be innovative, creative, proactive and competitive. It noted as a product it must try to appeal to as many people as possible and give the destination a competitive advantage. Part B Limerick city has many merits in terms of destination marketing. The area has a major asset with the river Shannon. The bridges in the city act as an area for viewing this scenery. The city has many well known landmarks and history which we saw while on the walking tour such as King John’s castle, Kings Island and the Georgian house and garden. The city has many hotels which are high in quality. The tangible aspect of this is the design of the hotels and the intangible aspects include the quality of service they provide, their reputation and their image. Limerick provides a range of different brochures to promote themselves and each contain picture perfect photos. The majority of these are free to tourists. The tourist office is open all year round to provide these and provide tourists with information. The use of branding and slogans seem to have a positive effect or the region. The slogan the spirit of Shannon for the time of your life is effective for overseas visitor as it makes reference to the river Shannon which is well known world wide. Branding helps link identity overtime. Limerick has a number of cultural merits to the location. The Hunt museum helps understand how people lived years ago form the different art and antiquity located there. Locals can also benefit form the Hunt museum as it is very educational. A major merit to the area is Shannon airport. This provides tourists with accessibility to the destination easily. The city has successful  infrastructure in and out of it with roads, airport, railway and marina. Transport is plentiful in and out of the city itself with numerous buses and trains accessing it. Taxi’s are also readily available. There are also a number of demerits in terms of destination marketing in Limerick. The signage in the city is quite poor. The tourist may have difficulty finding attractions. There is only one major built attraction the hunt museum. This is the cities main attraction which would only appeal to a certain number of people. It has an emphasis on education and heritage. This appears to be a problem with Limerick that it is over dependant on history and folklore there is no real main social attraction. They could put more emphasis on other facilities such as sports school, craft course, cycle hire and language schools to market the destination. Heritage is becoming mire old stream it i s no longer the power player that it used to be to attract people to a destination. A major demerit with Limerick city is the mental pictures created of Limerick city as a rough destination. It is in the news on a regular basis due to anti social behaviour, gang land violence and gun crime. In neighbouring Nenagh I was told in the cafe â€Å" They’d shoot you in Limerick† This gives a representation of the way some people view Limerick. This host of little images can turn people away Perceived images of Limerick can build up a bad image of a place that you may never have been to.

Organization Learning and Development Essay

Organizational performance depends upon human resources, knowledge and skills of employees. Organization learning and development determine overall success of organizational performance and market position of a company or firm. Changes occurred in technology, marketing, and numerous management techniques, some of which are concerned with human problems. Most of the changes are made in a rather disjointed or piecemeal manner. Following Revans (1980) learning in an organization must be greater than or equal to the rate of change in the environment. The approach emerging today is to use the growing body of ideas and systematic thought to consider innovatory ideas on organization and to adopt a more systematic comprehen ¬sive look at problems, so that we look at the whole instead of looking at separate parts. In modern environment, individuals have a lot of freedom, apart from certain laws of society, but when they join an organization their freedom is restricted and their effort must be joined with those of others to achieve organizational goals through learning and development practices. Change cannot occur if employees do not have sufficient knowledge and skills necessary for new organizational environment. Following Argyris (1977) â€Å"organizational learning as the process of detection and correction of errors† In his view organizations learn through individuals acting as agents for them† (cited Malhotra 1996). In this case, organizational learning becomes a change agent for the organization. Following Polanyi, Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) identify two types of knowledge, â€Å"tacit knowledge† and â€Å"explicit knowledge†, which influence organizational learning and development. Employees need to acquire tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge in order to meet individual and business goals. Some administra ¬tive apparatus is needed through which managerial authority is exercised. Therefore a hierarchy is formed which issues policy statements to ensure any discretion that individuals may have in their work is exercised in the spirit or attitude of the organization. Without tacit and explicit knowledge, an organization is not able to meet rapidly changing environment. This requirement is somewhat, although not exclusively, dependent upon the first. The level of involvement of employees in the learning process will be necessarily substantial. For the innovation of new ideas to be successful a high degree of integration is needed between all concerned (e. g. engineering, production management and marketing). Organizations that are too rigidly structured may find integration of all necessary activities very difficult (Armstrong 2001). Nick Bontis et al (2002) states that stock and flow of knowledge affect three level in organizations: personal, team and organizational. Direct business needs, which have been identified from the study of the organizational situation might best be met in part by some form of training which cascades down the organization. Selection in such cases is likely to be on a broad basis, because the judgment has already been made that most people need this training. Although there might be discussion with line managers, particularly on who should attend first, selection ul ¬timately should be a central decision, and should be compulsory (Senior, 2001). Following Flood (1999) knowledge and learning allow employees to be better positioned in organization and give them a chance to survive and prosper in different environments. Revans (1980) is right stating that learning in an organization must be greater than the rate of change because learning and development open new opportunities for organizations and allow the staff to meet the criteria set down: persistence and great personal desire to master this knowledge. On the other hand, knowledge develops such important skills as the ability to analyze and synthesize information about the clanging environment. In this situation, employees take into account universal concepts and experience of other people trying to solve his/her life problems or trying to find solution to these troubles (Schuler 1998). Without new knowledge, employees depend upon their own life experience and are limited by prejudices and life scope. Learning cultivates human creativity and helps it to flourish. Organizational learning and development help to create new practical knowledge on the basis of the existing one making employees free from old technologies and views of their peers. Following Weick (1991): â€Å"organizations are not built to learn. Instead, they are patterns of means-ends relations deliberately designed to make the same routine response to different stimuli, a pattern which is antithetical to learning in the traditional sense† (cited Malhotra 1996). Without organizational learning and development, organizations could not benefit from outside worlds depending on their limited world perception. Freedom of choice is the main priority given by education and knowledge. They can choose without knowledge but their choice would be accidental and cannot guarantee the best solution to the problem you are faced with. Organizational learning and development help organizations to get in touch with the society and others which also a key to freedom (Mayo 1998). In the book â€Å"The Fifth Discipline†, Senge (1995) explains organizational development and performance through system theory. Organizations are affected by environment and have a structure which has both formal and informal elements. The analysis of structure will cover how activities are grouped together, the number of levels in the hierarchy, the extent to which authority is decentralized to divisions and units, and the relationships that exist between different units and functions. Senge states that systems thinking method helps organizations to transform their activities and become a learning organization (Organizational Learning and Information Systems 2007). Five disciplines include â€Å"building shared vision, mental models, team learning, personal mastery, systems thinking† (Senge 1995, p. 56). These principles are crucial because these factors allow organizations adapt to changing environments. So, without active learning and development organizations will not be able to compete on the market and adapt changes. Learning process should be prier to change. Bearing in mind the need to take an empirical and contingent approach to organizing, as suggested above, the aim of learning could be defined as being to optimize the arrangements for conducting the affairs. â€Å"A systems orientation is evidenced through common language producing thinking that encourages greater interdependency thus allowing for cross-functional thinking and abilities to be drawn into a productive whole† (Barker, Camarata, 1998, p. 4). To do this, it is necessary, as far as circumstances allow, to: clarify the overall purposes of learning – the strategic thrusts that govern what it does and how it functions; define as precisely as possible the key activities required to achieve that purpose; group these activities logically together to avoid unnecessary overlap or duplica ¬tion. Following Goh (1998) â€Å"Learning organizations not only encourage these practices but also have mechanisms or systems that allow them to happen. Part of this knowledge transfer involves learning successful practices from other organizations and competitors as well† (p. 5). As Katz and Kahn (1964) wrote: ‘Systems theory is basically concerned with prob ¬lems of relationship, of structure and of interdependence. As a result, there is a considerable emphasis on the concept of transactions across boundaries – between the system and its environment and between the different parts of the system† (Katz and K ahn, 1964, p. 48). According to this theory, all organizations have some learning and development which influence market position and innovative approach to performance. Structures incorporate a network of roles and relationships and are there to help in the process of ensuring that collective effort is explicitly organized to achieve specified ends (Mayo 1998). Most employees require much practice to create professional skills and knowledge. Organizations are continually dependent upon and influenced by their environments. The basic characteristic of organizational learning is that it transforms inputs into outputs within its environment. The components of organizational learning include the importation of energy, the throughput, and the systems as cycle aspects of organizations (McNamara 2007). Organizational learning and development include key organizational processes – an organization’s ‘task’ environment includes suppliers, markets and competitors; the wider environment includes factors such as public attitudes, economic and political systems, laws etc; employees and other tangible assets – people, plant, and equipment; formal organizational requirements – systems designed to regulate the actions of employees (and machines); the social system – culture (values and norms) and relationships between employees in terms of power, affiliation and trust; technology – the major techniques people use while engaged in organizational processes and that are programmed into machines; the dominant coalition – the objectives, strategies, personal characteristics and internal relationships of those who oversee the organization as a whole and control its basic policy making (Reed 2001). If organizations are unable to prepare their staff to a coming change, they will be inevitably left behind. Revans is right stating that learning in an ‘organization must be greater than or equal to the rate of change in the environment’ because organizations depend upon the learning and development as a part of change. Following â€Å"as the relationship changes and becomes more complex, the need increases for a relation-based learning organization using communication at all levels and through its various forms† (Barker, Camarata 1998, p. 4). The overall purpose of organizational learning and development is to ensure that the staff is able to achieve success in changing environments. In this case, organizational learning and development can be the source of the organizational capabilities that allow it to learn and capitalize on new opportunities. Ensure that the staff obtains and retains the skilled, committed and well-motivated workforce it needs. This means taking steps to assess and satisfy future people needs and to enhance and develop the inherent capacities of people – their contributions, potential and employability – by providing learning and continuous development opportunities (Nonaka, Takeuchi 1995). It can also involve the development of high performance work systems which enhance flexibility and include â€Å"rigorous recruitment and selec ¬tion procedures, performance-contingent incentive compensation systems, and management development and training activities linked to the needs of the organization† (Mayo 1998, p. 49). An understanding of organiza ¬tional processes and skills in the analysis and diagnosis of patterns of organizational behavior are therefore important. Organizations need to be able to understand the patterns of behavior that are observed to predict in what direction behavior will move (particularly in the light of managerial action), and to use this knowledge to control behavior over the course of time. Effective managerial action requires that the manager be able to diagnose the system he or she is working in. According to Goh (1998): Skill and knowledge acquisition are obviously useless unless they can be transferred to the immediate job by the employee. It is even better if this knowledge can also be transferred to other parts of the organization to solve problems and energize creative new ideas. Part of this knowledge transfer involves learning successful practices from other organizations and competitors as well† (15). Barker and Camarata (1998): underlines that: â€Å"personal mastery is the continual process of growth and development needed for creative work for both the individual and organization. Learning in organizations occurs only through the learning that individuals acquire â€Å"(4). The organization must do all it can to explain why change is essential and how it will affect everyone. Moreover, every effort must be made to protect the interests of those affected by change. Resistance to change is inevitable if the individuals concerned feel that they are going to be worse off – implicitly or explicitly. Management of change will produce that reaction. In an age of global competition, technological innovation, turbulence, disconti-nuity, even chaos, change is inevitable and necessary (Senior, 2001). In sum, learning in an organization must be greater than the rate of change in the environment, because only in this case organizations able to compete on the market and create skilled workforce. Organizational learning and development can be seen as a part of change process which allows organizations to foreshadow coming changes and possible problems. Learning should be greater than the rate of change, because organizations welcome the challenges and opportunities if they have strong human resources and skilled workforce. They are the ones to be chosen as change agents. Reference http://www.brint.com/papers/orglrng.htm

The Challenges Involved With Business Leadership

The universe today is involved with the challenges of leading with assorted coevalss. As the work force contains differing coevalss with different values and positions of the universe, there is an sum of struggle that can happen and how one can turn to these concerns. In her article Generational Diversity Roberta Jackson provinces, â€Å" For the first clip, four coevalss work side by side in the work force † ( Jackson, Paragraph 1 ) . â€Å" This is an exciting clip because a work force comprised of assorted coevalss brings a alone profusion to our work force † ( Jackson, Paragraph 1 ) . In endeavoring to convey these coevalss together to work efficaciously, this paper will present the assorted coevals ‘s thoughts, values, and work moralss. The paper will research thoughts and recommendations on how to take such a diverse group of persons. In order to add a successful generational differences constituent to the company, it ‘s critical to understand the three coevalss and the features of each. Existing in the work force today are baby boomers, Generation X and Generation Y. Together, the different personalities of each coevals work together to organize the work force that exists today. Baby Boomers consist of those that were born between 1946 and 1964 ; they are characterized by societal alteration and increasing richness, because they grew up in a clip of richness. As a group, they were the healthiest and wealthiest coevals to that clip, turning up truly anticipating the universe to better with clip ( Simons, 2010 ) . Baby boomers tend to believe of themselves as a particular coevals and the blackwashs of the Kennedy brothers and Dr. Martin Luther King, profoundly affected them and fueled their fire in rejecting or redefining traditional values. Their concern and authorities patterns focus on physical, centralized, and institutionalised paper filing. Baby boomers have important regard for institutional information ; and they view engineerings used for pull offing affairs of record as artefacts of the organisational civilization ( Simons, 2010 ) . This coevals grew up in a clip when people had to do forfeits. They were besides the mark of persuasive doses of optimism, and of authorities pledges to brush out all corruptness and inefficiency from public disposal. They besides experienced a military coup d'etat and witnessed the transmutation of the construct of democracy into a extremist rejection of upset ( Motta & A ; Schewe, 2008 ) . Generation X Generation X consists of those born between 1965 and 1981. They are usually characterized as misanthropic, pessimistic and individualist and are known for being comfy with alteration and diverseness. Some feel that they are non likely to be loyal to a company as a consequence of being independent and self-sufficing. Because of this, they are seen to be more likely to go forth a occupation and seek out more ambitious options, a higher salary, or improved benefits ( Wong, Gardiner, Lang & A ; Coulon, 2008 ) . Xers are disbelieving and unimpressed with authorization, and necessitate immediate, uninterrupted feedback. They tend to value a strong work-life balance ; caring for personal values and ends more than work-related ends ( Wong, Gardiner, Lang & A ; Coulon, 2008 ) . This coevals grew up in a clip of their parents acquiring laid away and their female parents traveling to work to back up the household. Since both parents were at work, members of this coevals were seen as â€Å" latch key † childs. Sing their parents laid away, made them set household before work, larning to ne'er set all their trust in one company. Generation Y Generation Y consists of those born between 1982 and 2000. This coevals has grown up with engineering and is used to holding engineering as a big portion of their life. Besides known as the Millennials, they are really comfy with alteration and less likely to see occupation security as an of import factor in the workplace. This coevals is merely get downing to graduate and travel into the work force, conveying a overplus of thoughts ( Gibson, Greenwood & A ; Murphy, 2009 ) . They were raised with MTV, cell phones, iPods, and computing machine games and are wholly at place with instant communicating and societal networking. This digital coevals is optimistic, realistic, globally cognizant, and inclusive by nature. They accept diverseness and different types of households ; they are civic-minded and prone to volunteerism. Like babe boomers, they truly value work/family balance and independency, but they are besides funny, oppugning and results-oriented ( Gibson, Greenwood & A ; Murphy, 2009 ) . This coevals can greatly prove the forbearance of the Baby Boomers and Generation Y. The passion for entrepreneurship, answer-seeking behaviours coupled with their sense of personal duty and demand for feedback can be diminished by their dissatisfaction with entry-level occupations and their inclination to alter occupations often. This group wants a say in how they do their work. They are collaborative and work good within the modern sceptered workplace every bit long as there are adequate challenges and chances to maintain them interested ( Gibson, Greenwood & A ; Murphy, 2009 ) . The other coevalss tend to be intimidated by this coevals. Millennials are really vocal and will state what they think and mean. Being cognizant of their juvenility, if they are non happy with their current state of affairs at work, they will easy go forth and acquire a new occupation. They are cognizant that they have a spot of clip to acquire their act together. Even being cognizant of this, gen Y are really capable and ready to organize a calling. Recommended Reading Journal Articles Psychologist Constance Patterson, Ph.D. , provides information sing her surveies sing the generational values of Baby Boomers, Generation X and Generation Y along with how these coevalss can get down to work better together in the workplace: Dittman, Melissa. ( 2005 ) . Generational Differences at Work. The Monitor, 36 ( 6 ) , 54. Keith Mackey, an associate professor at AUT, conducted extended research associating to the differences between the coevalss in the workplace. His research findings non merely assist to â€Å" expose † common myths about the coevalss, but besides help to nail how to decently pull off each group based upon the universe events that have taken topographic point throughout their life-time: Reid, Ellen. ( 2007 ) . PEOPLE MANAGEMENT: Myth-busting Gen Y – Generational differences at work.Do n't understand your younger co-workers? Think they have different work attitudes to you? Always blamed it on the Gen Y factor? Well those yearss may be over as a major survey on workplace attitudes in New Zealand dispels the ballyhoo about the differences between coevalss X, Y and Baby Boomers. New Zealand Management. P. 63. This article focuses on a subject which many research workers have stated is of import for the success of intergenerational undertakings – mentoring. Not merely is mentoring explained in great item, along with the importance of implementing a mentoring plan, but besides a bit-by-bit program of how to get down and go on to offer a mentoring plan is provided: Anonymous. ( 2010 ) . Share Baby Boomer ‘s Knowledge with Intergenerational Mentoring. HR Focus, 87 ( 2 ) , 7 Online Periodicals & A ; Online Journal Articles Within her article, writer Dr. Lynne Curry, Ph.D. provides clear differentiation between the values held by persons that can be classified as a portion of the Traditionalist, Baby Boomer, Generation X and Generation Y. Understanding the values of each group is the first measure in understanding how to decently take or pull off these persons: Curry, Lynne ( 2003, November ) . Pull offing the Gen X/Y Employee. Alaska Business Monthly. Retrieved on February 12, 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.allbusiness.com/north-america/united-states-alaska/685962-1.html. Knowing how to interact with persons from each coevals represented within the ever-changing market topographic point is a undertaking within itself. Knowing how to make it good is something wholly different. In his article, Ian Shapiro speaks about the methods and tactics that Anne Loehr, a generational guru, explains during her seminars around the state. Loehr non merely explains the huge differences in the values of each coevals, but besides focuses a great trade on cultural markers. For illustration, the importance of the cyberspace, web logs and other technological understanding ways of communicating for Generations X and Y. This is genuinely an of import piece of work that should be read by each individual go toing preparation Sessionss associating to communicating between coevalss: Shapiro, Ian. ( 2009, July ) . Talking to Generation Nexus. Guru explains Gens X, Y, Boomer to One Another. Washington Post. Retrieved on February 12, 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/08/AR2009070803986.html. Other Online Documents With more than 25 old ages of leading experience in the corporate environment, Anne Houlihan is able to supply a wealth of penetration sing the transitioning of the â€Å" leading reigns † from the Baby Boomers to Generation X. Within the article, Houlihan provides concise points that help the readers to â€Å" better understand the leading manner, how to tackle it and how it impacts everyone in the company: † Houlihan, Anne. ( N.D. ) From Baby Boomers to Gen-X: An Development of Leadership Style. Retrieved on February 12, 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //reliableplant.com/Read/10518/leadership-style. Throughout this capturing 45-slide presentation, Richard A. Lewis provides indispensable tools in better understanding the behaviours that are frequently exhibited by Generation X and Generation Y. His presentation tactics are really appealing, and could easy capture the attending of an audience during a preparation seminar. By presenting games such as Human Bingo one can truly understand what occurred during each coevalss lifetime, and in bend better understand why they are the manner they are: Lewis, Richard A. ( 2005 ) . Organizational Behavior Meets Generation X and Y – A Practical Approach. Retrieved on February 12, 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.healthpronet.org/about/Organizational_Behavior_Meets_Generation_X_and_Y.ppt. A big part of this study has been focused on what the Baby Boomers can learn Generation X and Y, and this article helps to remind us that there is still a great trade that Generation Y can learn the Baby Boomers. In this article, Jim Taggart references a few leading writers and provides information on how to better prosecute Generation Y in the work force every bit good as how to in bend Teach older coevalss how to break interact and learn from this group younger of persons. Taggart, Jim. ( 2009 ) What Can Gen Y Teach Baby Boomers? Retrieved on February 12, 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //changingwinds.wordpress.com/2009/11/02/what-can-gen-y-teach-baby-boomers/ Enhancing our preparation plan Adding a generational differences constituent to the company ‘s preparation plan would be a value added constituent to the organisation. With three different coevalss being active in the work force it would be ideal for employees to cognize and understand the cultural differences between them and their colleagues. â€Å" Market competition and demographic alterations in the labour force are two of the forces disputing organisations to develop more effectual leading preparation, and execution plans. Understanding more to the full what traits or behaviours seem to be associated with how each babe boomers and Generation Xers perceives effectual leading will merely be good easing the passage as one group leaves and the other replaces it † ( Ree,2003, Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, pg 2, paragraph 2 ) . This plan would be even more good to the Baby Boomer coevals because in most organisations they are the leaders of the Gen Xers and Yers. With Baby Boomer ‘s holding the most economic power with a population of 78 million versus Gen X with 50 million and Gen Y with 70 million, they need to cognize what is of import to their followings and what their followings feel â€Å" can take a back place. † For illustration, the current province of the economic system has truly taken a toll on the motive of Gen X and Gen Y. The Baby Boomers have experienced and survived difficult economic times with things such as The Great Depression so they are able to pull off and work through all the obstructions they are confronting during our current economic ruin. â€Å" Both the MetLife survey and the Business Week article make it clear that those pull offing younger employees need to happen ways to assist those employees handle the force per unit area the recession is doing in their perso nal and working life † ( Mack, 2009, paragraph 5 ) . Each coevals needs to cognize the strengths and failings of each other to work efficaciously as a squad. Baby Boomers are approaching the age of retirement and the Xers are taking on their functions as leaders. Baby Boomers need to prepare the Xers into being great leaders, while the Xers need to be developing the Yers to take their topographic point in the work force. Each coevals has their ain alone manner and characteristic which distinguishes them from one another, but collaboratively they can do a great squad. With accomplishments runing from being able to take and accommodate in any state of affairs to being tech understanding, all are valuable to the success of an organisation. Leaderships must understand that their younger workers are an of import facet of their squad. Additionally, Baby Boomers must cognize that the ulterior coevalss do non hold the same work moralss as them, so they can non be managed the same manner. â€Å" Thirty-two per centum Gen Xers believe the â€Å" younger coevals † lacks a good work ethic and that this is a job ; and 13 per centum of Gen Yers say the difference in the work moralss across the coevalss causes clash † ( Gelsten, 2009, paragraph 6 ) . Baby Boomers need to cognize what involvements the younger coevalss ; such things as the music they listen to and what type of people they look up to. Generation X and Y want a professional and personal relationship with their leaders. Those leaders who connect with their followings on a personal degree and acquire to cognize what makes them thrive and what de-motivates them will be able to acquire more out of their employees and in return have more productiveness. Decision This paper has reviewed the differences between the coevals ‘s thoughts, values, and the work force environment. This paper gives thoughts on how the babe boomer coevals can efficaciously take all the coevalss to work together efficaciously. The reappraisal of books and articles provide suggestions on taking all coevalss to work efficaciously while esteeming each values and work moralss. In order for this work force of Baby Boomers to take Generations X and Y the recommendations are as follows: Baby Boomers must hold a clear and concise apprehension of Generation X and Y. Baby Boomers need to esteem and pass on with Generation X and Y. All coevalss need to cognize the strengths and failings of each other. Have a direction manner that will accommodate to all coevalss. Baby Boomers need to be unfastened to reexamine articles and books to help in taking Generation X and Y. Include constituents in a preparation manual that will turn to Generation X and Y that will turn to their values. Baby Boomers need to understand that all coevalss need to hold picks. Finally, a better apprehension of all coevalss will take to shut relationships in the work force and make better communicating between all coevalss and less discontent for all involved. The stairss listed supra should be a utile usher for the Baby Boomers to take Generation X and Y efficaciously. Generations X and Y will cognize they are on the same squad and their thoughts are lending to a productive work force.

Implementing Quality Management System in Emmar As a UAE Based Company Term Paper

Implementing Quality Management System in Emmar As a UAE Based Company - Term Paper Example The paper will also cover the benefits and problems of six sigma strategy in the business organization. Furthermore, the paper will also relate each of these topics with Emaar which is a UAE based company. The company in order to maintain their quality standards has to take various steps of quality management in its operations.Quality management framework is basically a wide concept of management which comprises of structure of an organization, methods, processes, resources that are needed to provide quality management in an organization. It encompasses all processes in an operational life cycle of a service in an organization. These processes affect the quality from identification of the needs of clients to final satisfaction of their requirements. By this framework, quality services are rendered to clients and stakeholders (Haule, 2007). It is considered as a strategic activity undertaken by a business organization in the competitive global market. In various types of organizations, Total Quality Management (TQM) has turned out to be a paradigm of management. TQM has facilitated organizations to make significant development and achievement in their businesses. There is a great difference between the success variable of TQM related to manufacturing and service companies (University of Nebraska Lincoln, n.d.). Quality management plays a significant role in modern business organizations. TQM is a technique to maintain consistency in production process in organizations so as to uphold reliability, efficiency along with quality. The success and achievement of an organization is based upon the loyalty of customers and through this technique, an organization can achieve satisfaction of the customers. ... Quality management plays a significant role in modern business organizations. TQM is a technique to maintain consistency in production process in organizations so as to uphold reliability, efficiency along with quality. The success and achievement of an organization is based upon the loyalty of customers and through this technique, an organization can achieve satisfaction of the customers. The value of TQM is a management based approach which is characterized by three aspects: principles, practices and techniques. These three principles are focused upon continuous improvement, customer orientation along with teamwork (Hoag & Et. Al., 2010). In 1999, Dow & Et. Al. developed the model of TQM in order to examine the effect of TQM practices on the performance of a firm and its effect on the quality of an organization. There are nine dimensions of quality practices in a firm which include commitment of workforce, joint vision, customer orientation, team building, personal training, mutual relation of supplier, high-tech manufacturing methods and use of bench-marking along with principles of just-in-time (Hoag & Et. Al., 2010). The quality management system encourages an organization to examine the requirements of customers. It also assists to define the processes that add towards the attainment of product which is suitable to the customers and maintains these processes under control. The quality management also caters the framework for incessant improvement of increasing the probability of customer satisfaction as well as the satisfaction of interested parties. Due to these facts of quality management, customers along with organizations become satisfied with the products and processes (International Standard, 2000). Emaar was established in 1997, as

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Youth Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

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Discuss the film A SEPARATION - Assignment Example One of the ethical dilemmas illustrated on the film is about minor understandings and confusion that lead to separation of a husband known as Nader and his wife Simin. The main reason for the couple’s misunderstanding is the decision of Simin to leave Iran. The film writer depicts that the couple has been married for fourteen years but the living condition in Iran leads Simin to make a decision of leaving. Her main objective is to go in a place where she can manage to offer a better education and life for their eleven years daughter. However, Nader does not support her wife’s decision because he wants to stay in Iran and cater for his eighty years old ailing father. Another issue related to ethical dilemma that the film writer illustrates is dispute dissolution. The couple is unable to solve their disputes and disagreement involved in their marriage. This leads to Simin in filing for a divorce. The family court judges rules that the couple’s disagreement does not weigh enough to consider divorce as the final option. However, Simin had already made her decision and finally moves out. Another ethical dilemma relates to the issue of poverty in the society. The film writer depicts that Razieh moves to work for Nader even without her husband’s permission, as recommended in the society. The film also illustrates various circumstances of emotional upheavals. One of these instances is during the separation of Nader and Simin. The later is mainly concerned of their child’s future life and this creates a difficult moment in her thoughts to the point of making a firm decision of leaving. Nader also depicts to have emotional upheavals in the fact that he has to balance his ailing father’s life to the well-being of his family. Eventually, he makes a decision of staying back with his father rather than moving. The film writer also demonstrates Nader’s daughter, Termer experiencing emotional upheavals because of her parent’s divorce. She loses the

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Contemporary Issues in OB Paper-Based on the article - Essay Example Some of these changes that are meant to improve the performance and communication at work end up leading to negative effects. It is important for the managers and consultants to closely examine the changes being made and whether the intended effect is what is actually being provided (Nelson & Quick, 2006). If not, then further research is necessary in order to ensure the employees are not only comfortable in their workplace but they communicate frequently as well as this equates to increased performance in the long run. The article by Bernstein, (2015) is explaining how the transparency in the office space which is meant to encourage accountability, openness as well as facilitate sharing of knowledge and information may not be working. This transparency has led to productivity problems instead, such as reduced overall communication amongst employees as well as affects negatively creative team performance. People are much more distracted than they originally were which means less work is being carried out than before the openness and transparency in the office. The article is further discussing how employees’ performance is suffering as a result of the increase in evaluation of their performance. Evaluation of performance is a good thing but when there is too much evaluation, then it hinders the ability of the employees to concentrate on their work as they are constantly worried about the evaluation. The evaluation tendencies miss the whole point of just giving feedback and become much more intense eventually destroying the very performance they aim to examine and improve. Lastly, there is discussion about how transparency leads to less sharing of ideas and criticisms due to the open that has no restraints at all. When there is a little privacy amongst the employees, it means that whatever work the employees are carrying out will be theirs privately and hence they will work effectively on it without fear of

Life after death Essay Example for Free

Life after death Essay Life after death is credible to a large extent, as there is a large of percentage of people who believe in it. A study carried out between October and November 2009 showed that out of 2,060 people, 53% believed in life after death, with 55% believing in heaven and 70% believing in the human soul in the UK. However, there are many problems with believing in life after death – not least the fact that there is no proof. As Hume might have said, ‘there aren’t enough witnesses’ and ‘testimony isn’t proof. ’ Some evidence put forward is parapsychological, such as near-death experience, mediums, and so on, though the data generated from such evidence is contested. While there may not be any hard evidence for rebirth, it provides advantages to those who believe in it, therefore attaining the label of credibility. For instance, there is an idea of moral value because if one is constantly reborn, one must constantly strive for good karmic effects. However, G. E Moore’s theory of ‘naturalistic fallacy’ might intervene because rebirth confuses moral ideas with factual information about how the world works. There is no means of verifying the principle of karma, and it assumes a dark view of reality with the inevitability of suffering. On the other hand, there is some psychological truth in the ideas of anatta and anicca, since an individual continues to grow throughout their life. Resurrection also delivers benefits for those who believe in it, thus making it credible to a large extent. It has a basis in tradition and is supported by evidence from Sacred Scripture, while it is also fair and encourages morality. However, many challenges to belief in resurrection have been centred on the fact that there is no available way to falsify claims concerning life after death. But, non-Christian sources agree that Jesus was executed by crucifixion and his disciples believe that he rose from dead. A Church persecutor, Saul of Tarsus, unexpectedly transformed into a believer after the resurrection. Verification is only possible in the weak sense of eschatological verification suggested by John Hick in his Celestial City analogy. John Hick is a materialist, who believes that the soul and the body are ‘psycho- physically’ unified. Hick explains in his Replica Theory, where he discusses how God makes it possible for people to be ‘replicated’ on a parallel universe. Hick talks about how the instantaneousness replication would be different from simply being transported from London to New York, he says all the individuals would know their dead and would be on a world populated by deceased individuals. His theory could be seen as incoherent because there is no evidence in science to suggest there is a parallel universe, however if you accept God’s omnipotent existence, this theory is plausible and does not depend on dualism. But, even Hick recognised the limits of his own theory and the fact that it is hypothetical in the extreme. It should be noted that this is an extending theory into the unknown and is purely hypothetical. To conclude, life after death is credible because believers avoid the limitations of rationality and focus on faith, rather than empirical evidence. While some philosophers like Bertrand Russell, argue that the hope of a better life in heaven relieves humans of responsibility for what happens on Earth and encourages a fatalist mentality, such beliefs may do the opposite and soothe fears of demise.